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Abstract:
Some electronics can bend, twist and stretch in wearable displays, biomedical applications and soft robots. While these devices circuits have become increasingly pliable, the batteries and supercapacitors that power them are still rigid. Now, researchers in ACS Nano Letters report a flexible supercapacitor with electrodes made of wrinkled titanium carbide a type of MXene nanomaterial that maintained its ability to store and release electronic charges after repetitive stretching.

Electronic devices that can bend, expand, and twist, like wearable displays and soft robots, have been around for a while. But the batteries and supercapacitors that power these flexible devices are still rigid. Now, researchers in ACS Nano Letters report a flexible supercapacitor with stretchable titanium carbide electrodes, allowing the power source to work even after repetitive stretching.

“Crumpled MXene Electrodes for Ultrastretchable and High-
Area-Capacitance Supercapacitors” Desheng Kong, Ph.D. (corresponding author)

Stretching the capacity of flexible energy storage

Washington, DC | Posted on September 10th, 2021

One major challenge stretchable electronics must overcome is the stiff and inflexible nature of their energy storage components, batteries and supercapacitors. Supercapacitors that use electrodes made from transitional metal carbides, carbonitrides or nitrides, called MXenes, have desirable electrical properties for portable flexible devices, such as rapid charging and discharging. And the way that 2D MXenes can form multi-layered nanosheets provides a large surface area for energy storage when theyre used in electrodes. However, previous researchers have had to incorporate polymers and other nanomaterials to keep these types of electrodes from breaking when bent, which decreases their electrical storage capacity. So, Desheng Kong and colleagues wanted to see if deforming a pristine titanium carbide MXene film into accordion-like ridges would maintain the electrodes electrical properties while adding flexibility and stretchability to a supercapacitor.

The researchers disintegrated titanium aluminum carbide powder into flakes with hydrofluoric acid and captured the layers of pure titanium carbide nanosheets as a roughly textured film on a filter. Then they placed the film on a piece of pre-stretched acrylic elastomer that was 800% its relaxed size. When the researchers released the polymer, it shrank to its original state, and the adhered nanosheets crumpled into accordion-like wrinkles.

In initial experiments, the team found the best electrode was made from a 3 µm-thick film that could be repetitively stretched and relaxed without being damaged and without modifying its ability to store an electrical charge. The team used this material to fabricate a supercapacitor by sandwiching a polyvinyl(alcohol)-sulfuric acid gel electrolyte between a pair of the stretchable titanium carbide electrodes. The device had a high energy capacity comparable to MXene-based supercapacitors developed by other researchers, but it also had extreme stretchability up to 800% without the nanosheets cracking. It maintained approximately 90% of its energy storage capacity after being stretched 1,000 times, or after being bent or twisted. The researchers say their supercapacitors excellent energy storage and electrical stability is attractive for stretchable energy storage devices and wearable electronic systems.

The authors acknowledge funding from the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation and High-Level Entrepreneurial and Innovative Talents Program of Jiangsu Province.

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About American Chemical Society
The American Chemical Society (ACS) is a nonprofit organization chartered by the U.S. Congress. ACS mission is to advance the broader chemistry enterprise and its practitioners for the benefit of Earth and all its people. The Society is a global leader in promoting excellence in science education and providing access to chemistry-related information and research through its multiple research solutions, peer-reviewed journals, scientific conferences, eBooks and weekly news periodical Chemical & Engineering News. ACS journals are among the most cited, most trusted and most read within the scientific literature; however, ACS itself does not conduct chemical research. As a leader in scientific information solutions, its CAS division partners with global innovators to accelerate breakthroughs by curating, connecting and analyzing the worlds scientific knowledge. ACS main offices are in Washington, D.C., and Columbus, Ohio.

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