| Mar 15, 2024 |
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(Nanowerk News) While computer chips are getting smaller and faster every year, one challenge remains unsolved: combining electronics and photonics on a single chip. Although components such as micro LEDs are available as individual chips and waveguides as tiny fibre optic cables, the materials required are too different for a harmonised chip.
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A new type of etching process could now be the decisive breakthrough for combining light sources and optical fibres. In the OptoGaN project, researchers from the TU Braunschweig and the Friedrich Schiller University Jena are therefore working on porous gallium nitride.
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The joint idea of the participating research groups offers a wide range of potential applications. The project partners want to realise three of these ideas as demonstrators together with one start-up each. These will then benefit technologies such as waveguides, neuromorphic computers and the Quantum Valley Lower Saxony‘s ion trap quantum computer. At the same time, the newly founded Nitride Technology Centre (NTC) at TU Braunschweig will support the further development of nitride technology at the highest level and bring it into application.
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But what are the potential applications for this new technology? For example, quantum computers still need large laser systems to manipulate their ions. If more and more quantum bits are to be calculated together in the computer, this laser system must become significantly smaller – at best the size of a chip. However, the standard material silicon dioxide for waveguides on chips absorbs precisely the critical wavelengths of light. The porous gallium nitride could offer an alternative here and bring the customised light to the individual ion with minimal loss.
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Complementary expertise in handling gallium nitride
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The porous semiconductor is based on a new selective etching process. The researchers use it to create elongated, air-filled channels – pores – in the gallium nitride structures. This even makes three-dimensional waveguides with complex optical light guidance conceivable. As gallium nitride and the process are compatible with existing LED production methods, integrated electronic and photonic circuits will also be possible.
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In order to realise the innovative semiconductor channels for light guidance, the researchers from Braunschweig and Jena are bringing together complementary expertise and special equipment. This is because the etching process used here has both an electronic and a chemical component. Firstly, the Braunschweig researchers produce the base material layer by layer. The semiconductor chip then travels to Jena for ion implantation. The researchers from Jena dope the chip and change its electronic properties in a targeted manner. Finally, the chip has to return to Braunschweig, where the chemical etching process forms the final, porous structure.
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